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Hydrocele
 The hydrocele
is a sac that is filled with fluid and is found surrounding the testicle of the male. Swelling of the scrotum is found associated with hydrocele.
As it is, hydroceles don't hurt and are not harmful. The only indication of hydrocele is some painless swelling of either one or both testicles. There is no need of any treatment unless there is scrotal swelling wherein you have rule out the possibility of testicular cancer or anything else by consulting the doctor.
Older men may develop hydrocele from an inflammation or injury to the scrotum. This inflammation may be the infection of the epidymitis or the testicle. The epididymitis is the small tube that is coiled and found at the back of each testicle. Sometimes, even radiation therapy can cause a hydrocele.
Usually, the hydrocele of the baby disappears on its own. However, if you find that the hydrocele does not disappear within a year, and if there is any enlargement, then it is better to have a doctor look at the baby as surgery may be advised. The doctor diagnoses hydrocele with a physical examination.
On examination, there may be an enlarged scrotum that is not tender to the touch and any pressure applied to the abdomen or scrotum enlarges or shrinks the sac. This indicates associated inguinal hernia. The fluid found in the hydrocele is clear; so the doctor shines a light to the scrotum wherein it outlines the testicle to indicate the clear liquid surrounding it. However, sometimes this procedure may also indicate other conditions like hernia and does not confirm a hydrocele.
If the hydrocele is suspected to be due to inflammation, it is possible to determine the infection through blood and urine tests. Other tests that may be done to diagnose hydrocele and eradicate any other conditions are ultrasound imaging and abdominal X-ray.
Hydrocele is treated by surgical excision where the hydrocele is removed using general or spinal anesthesia on an outpatient basis. This procedure is rather inconvenient as there will be a drainage tube, scrotal support and a bulky dressing that has to be worn after surgery for a few days. Blood clots, infection and injury to the scrotum are the risks associated here.
An alternative treatment is needle aspiration where the fluid in the scrotum is removed with a needle. However, there is a possibility of the fluid returning after its removal and is advised only for men who have risk factors wherein surgery proves to be dangerous.
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