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Male Infertility
 In men,
disorders related with hormones, illness, accidents, obstruction, or sexual dysfunction can some times permanently or temporarily affect the sperm, which may prevent them from conception.
In short,
male infertility can be described as the inability of a person to produce healthy sperm. The longer some disorders persist, the worse will be the chance to get effective cure.
An average healthy person will be able to produce about 120 million to 600 million sperms in a single ejaculation. In addition to sperm, semen contains simple sugars (to supply fuel for sperm); water; alkalies (to guard the sperm from the acidity of the male urethra and the vagina); prostaglandins, (which contracts the fallopian tubes and uterus) vitamin C; zinc; cholesterol; and a few other things.
For the fertilization to take place successfully, sufficient volume of active sperm must be present in a person, and it must be normal in size and shape. Besides, the sperm must not be in a fused form and also must not be affected badly by sperm antibodies present either in the man or in the woman.
Moreover, the sperm must be strong enough to penetrate the woman's cervical mucus, and overcome other obstacles, finally to reach the fallopian tubes, to go to meet the egg.
Common reasons for male infertility include impaired sperm delivery, impaired
sperm production, and hypogonadism (testosterone deficiency). Infertility can occur in two ways, problems developed by birth (congenital) or problems developed later in life (acquired).
The most common among the congenital cause include Klinefelter syndrome, caused by the presence of an extra X chromosome. This condition is characterized by the presence of thin facial and body hair, infertility, abnormal enlargement of the breasts (gynecomastia), and presence of smaller testes, in males.
Absence of testes (anarchism) and the inability of testicles to descend into scrotum (cryptorchidism) are other congenital reasons of infertility. A condition named retrograde ejaculation develops due to the damage of the nerves or muscles of the bladder neck prevent it from closing at the time of ejaculation. Dry ejaculation and foggy urine after ejaculation are the signs of this condition.
Infertility can be acquired later in life, due to the effect of chemotherapy, radiation, glandular malformation, damage to hypothalamus, pituitary, or testes, or due to infections such as meningitis, mumps, and syphilis.
Certain other factors may also lead to male infertility such as smoking, use of steroids, marijuana or cocaine, addiction to alcohol, strenous exercise, inadequacy of vitamin C and zinc, infections of reproductive system, testes injury, and usage of tight under clothes.
Excessive stress, testosterone deficiency, exposure to pollutants such as pesticides, radiation, and radioactive substances are also supposed to inversely affect male fertility.
Sperm takes a period of three months to develop completely. So it will be advisable to quit drinking, smoking, using drugs, at least for three months, before somebody plan to try for a baby.
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